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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by Randy Bush 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

are we really spending time discussing how many iterations of irr object search we will perform to find an email address of an abuse contact to which we can send email which will be ignored? :)/2 randy

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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by Bengt Gördén 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

At 2017-04-21 kl. 14:34, denis walker said to db-wg: > Hi Gert > > I do listen to your one voice Gert. Now with Sebastian at least we > have two voices. Unfortunately, the way this community works that is > probably the only consensus we will get to move forward. It is by no > means representative, but it is a consensus. Now you are jumping to conclusions. I carefully read the list and the contribution that concerns me. Just because people stay silent doesn't mean they do or don't agree. Usually the contributors to the discussion have already come up with intelligent comments and I (and probably most of us) don't need to add more to it until the voting. But if you really need a +1, I'm with Gert Doering and David Hilario on this. Now we wait for the voting. Cheers, -- Bengt Gördén Resilans AB

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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by Tim Kleefass 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

On 21.04.17 15:05, Bengt Gördén via db-wg wrote: > But if you really need a +1, I'm with Gert Doering and David Hilario on > this. +1 Cheers, Tim

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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by Sebastian Wiesinger 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

* denis walker via db-wg <db-wg(a)ripe.net> [2017-04-20 13:35]: > Date: Thu, 20 Apr 2017 11:34:22 +0000 (UTC) > From: denis walker <ripedenis(a)yahoo.co.uk> > To: Sebastian Wiesinger <sebastian(a)karotte.org>, "db-wg(a)ripe.net" > <db-wg(a)ripe.net> > Subject: Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems > Reply-To: denis walker <ripedenis(a)yahoo.co.uk> > Message-ID: <1214539347.1395203.1492688062209(a)mail.yahoo.com> > X-Mailer: WebService/1.1.9408 YahooMailNeo Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel > Mac OS X 10.7; rv:48.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/48.0 > > Hi Sebastian > Thanks for the comments. This proposal is just an idea that would > preserve some of the benefits of the "abuse-c:" design, but I am not > going to push hard for it. However, let me at least clear up some of > the points you made. (Sorry for it all being top posted but yahoo > doesn't allow for inline comments.) Hi Denis, sorry I'm having a really hard time reading your mails, I have to do extensive reformatting. Could you perhaps use a mail client that doesn't produce a wall of text? > We already have "sponsoring-org:", so a "contact-org:" would be fine. Why is having three fields named *some*-org better than two? That the field is called contact-org or abuse-c or abuse-mailbox should not matter, right? > Indirection and inheritance can sometimes involve complexity at the > raw data level, but all of that complexity can be hidden behind > simple to use tools. So I don't think that in itself is a show > stopper. Will you build the tools so that everyone can use them? If you can build tools you can work around almost anything but I'm thinking about people who edit the object on the webportal to add an abuse contact or send it to the mail interface. > "Instead just adding an "abuse-c:" field to an object is easily > understandable."I agree this is easily understandable. But it breaks > one of the principles of the "abuse-c:" design...the "abuse-c:" > attribute only exists in one place, the ORGANISATION object. Now it > will be in four object types...ORGANISATION, INETNUM, INET6NUM, > AUT-NUM. Before we implemented "abuse-c:" the "abuse-mailbox:" > attribute was allowed in five object types...PERSON, ROLE, MNTNER, > ORGANISATION, IRT. This created the mess that lead to the design of > "abuse-c:" But if this is the way we go forward then we can avoid > previous pitfalls with good management tools. What management tools do you mean? Every LIR would have to implement these if we don't make it easy enough to use it by hand. In my mind the goal is to add the attribute at the level it is used and that would be inet(6)num and maybe autnum. This was not done before. > I think you misunderstood the point about email being (in)sufficient > information. I agree almost all abuse reports come via email. My > point was, what happens if the complainant gets no response to the > email complaint? If the email address is all the information they > have, then they hit a brick wall. They don't know what organisation, > company, individual sits behind that email address. But again, if > this is the way we move forward then we have to put our business > analyst and software engineering hats on and solve the problem by > providing better information to consumers of this data. If the complaint gets no response by mail then most people will not go further anyway. What good would it do them to know which person or company sits behind that mailadress? They didn't get a response. *If* they want to dig deeper they can still look at the org object or admin/tech contacts and so on. > We will accept the consensus view of the community in these talks. > If there is a clear consensus to add "abuse-c:" to resource objects, > that is what we will ask the RIPE NCC to implement. At least that would be my preferred solution if noone has a simpler one. Regards Sebastian -- GPG Key: 0x93A0B9CE (F4F6 B1A3 866B 26E9 450A 9D82 58A2 D94A 93A0 B9CE) 'Are you Death?' ... IT'S THE SCYTHE, ISN'T IT? PEOPLE ALWAYS NOTICE THE SCYTHE. -- Terry Pratchett, The Fifth Elephant

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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by denis walker 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

Hi Gert I do listen to your one voice Gert. Now with Sebastian at least we have two voices. Unfortunately, the way this community works that is probably the only consensus we will get to move forward. It is by no means representative, but it is a consensus. cheers denis co-chair DB-WG From: Gert Doering via db-wg <db-wg(a)ripe.net> To: Sebastian Wiesinger <sebastian(a)karotte.org> Cc: db-wg(a)ripe.net Sent: Friday, 21 April 2017, 13:59 Subject: Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems Hi, On Thu, Apr 20, 2017 at 11:47:37AM +0200, Sebastian Wiesinger via db-wg wrote: > Denis wrote: > > There is also a question over the double indirection to get to the > > abuse contact information, ie resource object -> ORGANISATION object > > -> ROLE object. I'm not sure how many times I've stated this in the past: this double indirection looks great in computer science theory, but it annoys real people enough to just not jump through these hoops - so "nothing is done, because it is too annoying". I'm among this group. If I have to create (and maintain) an extra organization: object just to be able to point a more-specific inetnum to a different abuse-c: (or just add a more-specific abuse-mailbox:) - then I'm just not going to do it. Not sure what's so hard in *listening*, and then coming up with a solution that takes the statements said into account, not "make a beautiful database out of it" - to make this work, it needs to be easy on people that *do* the work, not pretty on the back side. [..] > I think it is a show stopper. You have to understand the logic and > implement the tools. Many LIRs will shy away from that. Instead just > adding an "abuse-c:" field to an object is easily understandable. This! > To sum it up, I don't think that this approach will make it easier to > add and maintain abuse information in the database and as such will > not improve the goal of having accurate and up-to-date abuse contact > information. I would not support the proposal in this form. And this! Gert Doering -- NetMaster -- have you enabled IPv6 on something today...? SpaceNet AG Vorstand: Sebastian v. Bomhard Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 Aufsichtsratsvors.: A. Grundner-Culemann D-80807 Muenchen HRB: 136055 (AG Muenchen) Tel: +49 (0)89/32356-444 USt-IdNr.: DE813185279

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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by Gert Doering 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

Hi, On Thu, Apr 20, 2017 at 11:47:37AM +0200, Sebastian Wiesinger via db-wg wrote: > Denis wrote: > > There is also a question over the double indirection to get to the > > abuse contact information, ie resource object -> ORGANISATION object > > -> ROLE object. I'm not sure how many times I've stated this in the past: this double indirection looks great in computer science theory, but it annoys real people enough to just not jump through these hoops - so "nothing is done, because it is too annoying". I'm among this group. If I have to create (and maintain) an extra organization: object just to be able to point a more-specific inetnum to a different abuse-c: (or just add a more-specific abuse-mailbox:) - then I'm just not going to do it. Not sure what's so hard in *listening*, and then coming up with a solution that takes the statements said into account, not "make a beautiful database out of it" - to make this work, it needs to be easy on people that *do* the work, not pretty on the back side. [..] > I think it is a show stopper. You have to understand the logic and > implement the tools. Many LIRs will shy away from that. Instead just > adding an "abuse-c:" field to an object is easily understandable. This! > To sum it up, I don't think that this approach will make it easier to > add and maintain abuse information in the database and as such will > not improve the goal of having accurate and up-to-date abuse contact > information. I would not support the proposal in this form. And this! Gert Doering -- NetMaster -- have you enabled IPv6 on something today...? SpaceNet AG Vorstand: Sebastian v. Bomhard Joseph-Dollinger-Bogen 14 Aufsichtsratsvors.: A. Grundner-Culemann D-80807 Muenchen HRB: 136055 (AG Muenchen) Tel: +49 (0)89/32356-444 USt-IdNr.: DE813185279

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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by David Hilario 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

Hi Denis, On Thursday, April 20, 2017, 7:34:50 PM GMT+8, denis walker via db-wg <db-wg(a)ripe.net> wrote: > I think you misunderstood the point about email being (in)sufficient information. I agree almost all abuse reports come via email. My >point was, what happens if the complainant gets no response to the email complaint? If the email address is all the information they >have, then they hit a brick wall. They don't know what organisation, company, individual sits behind that email address. But again, if this >is the way we move forward then we have to put our business analyst and software engineering hats on and solve the problem by >providing better information to consumers of this data. To be fair, no one can actually tell who should be contacted as the "abuse" can be of so many kinds, the definition of abuse itself never even reached any firm definition I believe. Who should be contacted, in a somewhat relevant order: The registration information in the Assignment itself? The registration information in any intermediate layer found between an assignment and an allocation? The LIR that issued the Assignment? The sponsoring LIR, in case of PI? The AS announcing the space? The sponsoring LIR of the AS number announcing the space? The peering AS numbers? The RIPE NCC? The other RIRs?**end of RIPE Database scope of information**For other RIRs, repeat all of the above and add NIRs for some of them just to get extra complexity for everyone... Their local LEAs? >From either policy, Database or real life point of view, all the above are valid contacts and can be relevant in reporting abuse depending on its nature. So other than allowing/enabling an easy way for RIPE Database users that want clear ways of getting abuse report and to get that registered and displayed on queries, I don't believe it is in the power of anyone to guess where the abuse report should go. When a user does not understand hierarchical delegation queries the Database, they also probably have no clue of route announcements, sponsoring LIRs, RIR system and so on, the educational part will be quite big then. I do believe that that educational information part can be made available in a simple language so that the ones who really care, can learn and crawl through the complex hierarchy and policies and the others will just give up or contact someone they know to do it for them. Keep in mind as well that no DB data input policy or rules will ever make the "abuser" care about any reports they might receive, this discussion is only for the people who care about receiving reports, it would help a bit for the ones reporting when getting in touch with good networks and will have no effects ion reporting to "abusers" on bad networks. On the proposed solution with contact-org, one of the main complaints was the need to create an org Object per abuse-email, it is not alleviating that issue. Let's not make the life of good network harder, it should be simple to manage these contact details, have an abuse-mailbox: added to inetnum could be a simple solution, LIR portal gives you an overview of all your registered objects primary keys and the abuse email linked to them. If you want to change that, click edit/restore default/add and change the email, the first time that you replace the default value a small pop-up informing you that an abuse-mailbox: will be added to the object to replace the default abuse-c: value, done. No need to learn a new Org object hierarchy or how to make mass updates to the RIPE Database to change the abuse email for your cloud services and keep the "old" abuse email for your ISP services. People who would prefer to do this via email/sync/webupdate, can still do it as well, no problem, it isn't breaking any systems. Does anyone know if PI holders have access to an LIR portal like system? Cheers David Co-chair DB-WG From: Sebastian Wiesinger via db-wg <db-wg(a)ripe.net> To: db-wg(a)ripe.net Sent: Thursday, 20 April 2017, 11:47 Subject: Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems * denis walker via db-wg <db-wg(a)ripe.net> [2017-04-18 16:11]: > Colleagues Below is a proposal for fixing the problems with > "abuse-c:" as shown in the problem statement for > NWI-7 https://www.ripe.net/manage-ips-and-asns/db/numbered-work-items > > I look forward to comments. Hello Denis, thank you for this. I've read it three times now to understand how it it works and I think this underlines what I tried to say in the original problem statement: The problem statement looks good to me, I only would like to comment that the current way seems *too* complicated / bloated for a lot of people. So a solution should aim to be more "lightweight" for lack of a better word. That might happen naturally when tackling the problem statement but nontheless I would like to mention it. So... I don't think this will make it easier to understand or implement for people who just want to add an abuse contact and subsequently will not improve abuse contact information in the database. > It's clear from the problem statement that some situations cannot be > handled with the current arrangement. Mainly because it would > require a reference to a second ORGANISATION object from a resource > object. This is not possible with the syntax and business rules in > the database. Also the RIPE NCC has stated that it does not want two ORG-IDs for an enduser. If this goes forward I think it would be a good idea to have at least a statement from the RIPE NCC that they would be okay with an enduser having multiple chained organisation objects for this. > There is also a question over the double indirection to get to the > abuse contact information, ie resource object -> ORGANISATION object > -> ROLE object. If it is accepted that an email on it's own is not > sufficient information and the clear link to the organisation with > responsibility for handling abuse is also required, then this double > indirection is needed. With the right tools it's easy to manage this > data. This point is not a technical or operational show stopper. > It's more about who needs what information and how do they get it. I think it is a show stopper. You have to understand the logic and implement the tools. Many LIRs will shy away from that. Instead just adding an "abuse-c:" field to an object is easily understandable. As for email being not sufficient information, in the last 10+ years I cannot remember a single abuse complaint that was not done via email. The only exception might be some special cases that directly involve law enforcement or such, and for those the main ORG object should be enough. To sum it up, I don't think that this approach will make it easier to add and maintain abuse information in the database and as such will not improve the goal of having accurate and up-to-date abuse contact information. I would not support the proposal in this form. Regards Sebastian -- GPG Key: 0x93A0B9CE (F4F6 B1A3 866B 26E9 450A 9D82 58A2 D94A 93A0 B9CE) 'Are you Death?' ... IT'S THE SCYTHE, ISN'T IT? PEOPLE ALWAYS NOTICE THE SCYTHE. -- Terry Pratchett, The Fifth Elephant

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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by denis walker 20 Apr '17

20 Apr '17

Hi Sebastian Thanks for the comments. This proposal is just an idea that would preserve some of the benefits of the "abuse-c:" design, but I am not going to push hard for it. However, let me at least clear up some of the points you made. (Sorry for it all being top posted but yahoo doesn't allow for inline comments.) We already have "sponsoring-org:", so a "contact-org:" would be fine. Indirection and inheritance can sometimes involve complexity at the raw data level, but all of that complexity can be hidden behind simple to use tools. So I don't think that in itself is a show stopper. "Instead just adding an "abuse-c:" field to an object is easily understandable."I agree this is easily understandable. But it breaks one of the principles of the "abuse-c:" design...the "abuse-c:" attribute only exists in one place, the ORGANISATION object. Now it will be in four object types...ORGANISATION, INETNUM, INET6NUM, AUT-NUM. Before we implemented "abuse-c:" the "abuse-mailbox:" attribute was allowed in five object types...PERSON, ROLE, MNTNER, ORGANISATION, IRT. This created the mess that lead to the design of "abuse-c:" But if this is the way we go forward then we can avoid previous pitfalls with good management tools. I think you misunderstood the point about email being (in)sufficient information. I agree almost all abuse reports come via email. My point was, what happens if the complainant gets no response to the email complaint? If the email address is all the information they have, then they hit a brick wall. They don't know what organisation, company, individual sits behind that email address. But again, if this is the way we move forward then we have to put our business analyst and software engineering hats on and solve the problem by providing better information to consumers of this data. Bottom line....it is the intention of the DB-WG co chairs to resolve the issues stated in the problem statement on this round of talks. We will accept the consensus view of the community in these talks. If there is a clear consensus to add "abuse-c:" to resource objects, that is what we will ask the RIPE NCC to implement. I just want to be sure people understand the issues, both operational and technical, before making their decision. Once the decision is made, if there are other issues that may come up as a consequence, then we will solve those issues....but we must move this problem towards a resolution this time. cheers denis co-chair DB-WG From: Sebastian Wiesinger via db-wg <db-wg(a)ripe.net> To: db-wg(a)ripe.net Sent: Thursday, 20 April 2017, 11:47 Subject: Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems * denis walker via db-wg <db-wg(a)ripe.net> [2017-04-18 16:11]: > Colleagues Below is a proposal for fixing the problems with > "abuse-c:" as shown in the problem statement for > NWI-7 https://www.ripe.net/manage-ips-and-asns/db/numbered-work-items > > I look forward to comments. Hello Denis, thank you for this. I've read it three times now to understand how it it works and I think this underlines what I tried to say in the original problem statement: The problem statement looks good to me, I only would like to comment that the current way seems *too* complicated / bloated for a lot of people. So a solution should aim to be more "lightweight" for lack of a better word. That might happen naturally when tackling the problem statement but nontheless I would like to mention it. So... I don't think this will make it easier to understand or implement for people who just want to add an abuse contact and subsequently will not improve abuse contact information in the database. > It's clear from the problem statement that some situations cannot be > handled with the current arrangement. Mainly because it would > require a reference to a second ORGANISATION object from a resource > object. This is not possible with the syntax and business rules in > the database. Also the RIPE NCC has stated that it does not want two ORG-IDs for an enduser. If this goes forward I think it would be a good idea to have at least a statement from the RIPE NCC that they would be okay with an enduser having multiple chained organisation objects for this. > There is also a question over the double indirection to get to the > abuse contact information, ie resource object -> ORGANISATION object > -> ROLE object. If it is accepted that an email on it's own is not > sufficient information and the clear link to the organisation with > responsibility for handling abuse is also required, then this double > indirection is needed. With the right tools it's easy to manage this > data. This point is not a technical or operational show stopper. > It's more about who needs what information and how do they get it. I think it is a show stopper. You have to understand the logic and implement the tools. Many LIRs will shy away from that. Instead just adding an "abuse-c:" field to an object is easily understandable. As for email being not sufficient information, in the last 10+ years I cannot remember a single abuse complaint that was not done via email. The only exception might be some special cases that directly involve law enforcement or such, and for those the main ORG object should be enough. To sum it up, I don't think that this approach will make it easier to add and maintain abuse information in the database and as such will not improve the goal of having accurate and up-to-date abuse contact information. I would not support the proposal in this form. Regards Sebastian -- GPG Key: 0x93A0B9CE (F4F6 B1A3 866B 26E9 450A 9D82 58A2 D94A 93A0 B9CE) 'Are you Death?' ... IT'S THE SCYTHE, ISN'T IT? PEOPLE ALWAYS NOTICE THE SCYTHE. -- Terry Pratchett, The Fifth Elephant

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Re: [db-wg] NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by Sebastian Wiesinger 20 Apr '17

20 Apr '17

* denis walker via db-wg <db-wg(a)ripe.net> [2017-04-18 16:11]: > Colleagues Below is a proposal for fixing the problems with > "abuse-c:" as shown in the problem statement for > NWI-7 https://www.ripe.net/manage-ips-and-asns/db/numbered-work-items > > I look forward to comments. Hello Denis, thank you for this. I've read it three times now to understand how it it works and I think this underlines what I tried to say in the original problem statement: The problem statement looks good to me, I only would like to comment that the current way seems *too* complicated / bloated for a lot of people. So a solution should aim to be more "lightweight" for lack of a better word. That might happen naturally when tackling the problem statement but nontheless I would like to mention it. So... I don't think this will make it easier to understand or implement for people who just want to add an abuse contact and subsequently will not improve abuse contact information in the database. > It's clear from the problem statement that some situations cannot be > handled with the current arrangement. Mainly because it would > require a reference to a second ORGANISATION object from a resource > object. This is not possible with the syntax and business rules in > the database. Also the RIPE NCC has stated that it does not want two ORG-IDs for an enduser. If this goes forward I think it would be a good idea to have at least a statement from the RIPE NCC that they would be okay with an enduser having multiple chained organisation objects for this. > There is also a question over the double indirection to get to the > abuse contact information, ie resource object -> ORGANISATION object > -> ROLE object. If it is accepted that an email on it's own is not > sufficient information and the clear link to the organisation with > responsibility for handling abuse is also required, then this double > indirection is needed. With the right tools it's easy to manage this > data. This point is not a technical or operational show stopper. > It's more about who needs what information and how do they get it. I think it is a show stopper. You have to understand the logic and implement the tools. Many LIRs will shy away from that. Instead just adding an "abuse-c:" field to an object is easily understandable. As for email being not sufficient information, in the last 10+ years I cannot remember a single abuse complaint that was not done via email. The only exception might be some special cases that directly involve law enforcement or such, and for those the main ORG object should be enough. To sum it up, I don't think that this approach will make it easier to add and maintain abuse information in the database and as such will not improve the goal of having accurate and up-to-date abuse contact information. I would not support the proposal in this form. Regards Sebastian -- GPG Key: 0x93A0B9CE (F4F6 B1A3 866B 26E9 450A 9D82 58A2 D94A 93A0 B9CE) 'Are you Death?' ... IT'S THE SCYTHE, ISN'T IT? PEOPLE ALWAYS NOTICE THE SCYTHE. -- Terry Pratchett, The Fifth Elephant

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Fw: NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems
by denis walker 20 Apr '17

20 Apr '17

----- Forwarded Message ----- From: denis walker <dw100uk(a)yahoo.co.uk> To: Havard Eidnes <he(a)uninett.no> Cc: "db-wg(a)ripe.net" <db-wg(a)ripe.net> Sent: Thursday, 20 April 2017, 0:51 Subject: Re: NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems Hi Havard Thanks for the response. Let me make a few points here. Firstly I am not trying to justify why such information is required. I asked the question (twice) 'if' this information is required and I got one reply. I am still hoping more people will comment so we can decide if this is required. I put forward this proposal on the assumption that more details are required, based on past discussions, but this may not be the case. Adding "abuse-c:" to resource objects will solve the technical problems in the problem statement. But if that is the solution that we end up adopting then the RIPE NCC MUST provide the tools necessary to manage this hierarchically structured information. After 14 years of working inside this database, analysing what people do with it, 'just' adding "abuse-c:" to resource objects will create a mess within a few years. This is why we created "abuse-c:" in the first place. As you point out the resource holder is ultimately responsible for abuse related to their resources. But many consumers of this abuse contact information don't understand the resource hierarchy or the contractual relationships between the parties. So if we only provide consumers with a single abuse email address and they get no response, they hit a brick wall. This is why I asked the question above. To solve the technical questions we need to know what information consumers need and how best to provide it. cheers denis co-chair DB-WG From: Havard Eidnes <he(a)uninett.no> To: ripedenis(a)yahoo.co.uk Cc: db-wg(a)ripe.net Sent: Wednesday, 19 April 2017, 23:53 Subject: Re: NWI-7 proposal for fixing "abuse-c:" problems Hmm, I'm not entirely happy with this proposal. In brief, I think it overcomplicates matters. It seems to me that this proposal may give rise to creation of "pseudo-organizations" in the RIPE database. I think this will dilute the value of the organization objects, since you can no longer in a reasonable way expect that an organization object in the RIPE database represents a real genuine real-world organization. I agree it's a good idea to provide the default value of the abuse handler via the organization object. What I don't understand is the apparent reluctance to permit per-resource simple overrides of this inheritance, something which could be done by allowing the marking of resource objects with abuse-c pointing to a role object for the abuse handler for the resource. Why insist on an indirection via an organization object for this override? So... I guess I don't understand this justification: > If it is accepted that an email on it's own is not sufficient > information [...] Pointing to an abuse role object via abuse-c provides more than just an e-mail address. > [...] and the clear link to the organisation with responsibility for > handling abuse is also required, then this double indirection is > needed. Can you please expand the justification for why this information is required? Isn't it just as likely that the information provided in such a "must be registered" organization will just be a "pseudo- organization" where the the only thing which causes it to spring into existence is the insistence of the (proposed) RIPE DB data model? Ultimately the responsibility for the use of the resource rests with the organization holding the resource, so that's always a possible recourse should the overriding abuse-c prove to produce non-satisfactory results. Best regards, - Håvard

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